Publications, 3D & 4D Imaging @ UCL

Some Publications on 3D Imaging Studies from This Collaborative Group

Tumour & Vascularity with
contrast-enhanced light / US / CT

* Publications listed by subjects shown above.
* For related web pages, click on links in author names or paper titles below.
* Click here for International Lectures.

Fetal Heart [back to top]

Original Articles

Dindoyal I, Lambrou T, Deng J, Todd-Pokropek A. 2D/3D fetal cardiac dataset segmentation using a deformable model. Medical Physics 2011; 38: 4338-49 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3592638)
Dindoyal I, Lambrou T, Deng J, Todd-Pokropek A. Level set snake algorithms on the fetal heart. IEEE ISBI, Arlington, VA, USA 2007:864-867.
Dindoyal I, Lambrou T, Deng J, Todd-Pokropek A. (2007). Automatic segmentation of low resolution fetal cardiac data using snakes with shape priors. IEEE ISPA, Istanbul, Turkey 2007:538-543.
McDonald D, Deng J, Linney AD, Yates R, Pellerin D, Anderson RH, Rodeck CH, Todd-Pokropek A. Virtual casting of the fetal heart using Live 3D ultrasound data processed by semi-automated internal surface detection. Proceedings of the IRC Meeting on from Medical Images and Signals to Clinical Information, London 22-24 Oct 2005. P26-27.
Dindoyal I, Lambrou T, Deng J, Ruff CF, Linney AD, Rodeck CH, Todd-Pokropek A. Level set segmentation of the fetal heart. in Frangi AF, et al Eds: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2005; 3504: 123-132.
Dindoyal I, Lambroua T, Deng J, Ruff CF, Linney AD, Todd-Pokropek A. An active contour model to segment foetal cardiac ultrasound data. Proceedings of the 7th Conference on Medical Image Understanding and Analysis. Sheffield, UK 10-11 July 2003. P77-80.
Deng J, Yates R, Sullivan ID, McDonald D, Linney AD, Lees WR, Anderson RH, Rodeck CH. Dynamic three-dimensional colour Doppler ultrasound of human fetal intracardiac flow. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 20: 131-6.
Deng J, Richards R. Dynamic three-dimensional gray-scale and colour Doppler ultrasound of the fetal heart for dynamic diagnosis (Picture of the Month). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 20: 209.
Deng J, Sullivan ID, Yates R, Vogel M, McDonald D, Linney AD, Rodeck CH, Anderson RH. Real-time three-dimensional fetal echocardiography - optimal imaging windows.Ultrasound

Med Biol

2002; 28: 1099-105.

Deng J, Yates R, Birkett AG, Ruff CF, Linney AD, Lees WR, Hanson MA, Rodeck CH. On-line motion-gated dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography in the fetus - preliminary results. Ultrasound Med Biol 2001; 27: 43-50.
Deng J, Birkett AG, Kalache KD, Hanson MA, Peebles DM, Linney AD, Lees WR, Rodeck CH. Conversion of Umbilical Arterial Doppler Waveforms (UADWs) to Cardiac Cycle Triggering Signals (CCTSs) – A Preparatory Study for On-Line Motion-Gated Three-Dimensional (3D) Fetal Echocardiography. Ultrasound Med Biol 2001; 27: 51-59.
Deng J, Ruff CF, Linney AD, Lees WR, Hanson MA, Rodeck CH. Simultaneous use of two ultrasound scanners for motion-gated three-dimensional fetal echocardiography. Ultrasound Med Biol 2000; 26(6): 1021-32.
Deng J, Gardener JE, Rodeck CH, Lees WR. Fetal echocardiography in three and four dimensions. Ultrasound Med Biol 1996;22: 979-86.
Deng J, Brookes JAS, Gardener JE, Rodeck CH, Lees WR. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the post-mortem fetal heart. Fetal Diagn Ther 1996; 11:417-21.

PhD Thesis

· Deng J. Dynamic three-dimensional fetal echocardiography. London: University of London. 2003

Book Chapters / Lecture Notes

Meeting Abstracts

Invited Reviews / Opinion Papers

Fetus in General    [back to top]

Guideline Articles

·         Tutschek B, Blaas HK, Abramowicz J, Baba K, Deng J, Lee W, Merz E, Platt L, Pretorius D, Timor-Tritsch I, Gindes L; for the ISUOG 3D Special Interest Group. Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the fetal skull and face. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Feb 23. [doi: 10.1002/uog.17436].

Merz E, Abramovicz J, Baba K, Blaas HG, Deng J, Gindes L, Lee W, Platt L, Pretorius D, Schild R, Sladkevicius P, Timor-Tritsch I. 3D imaging of the fetal face - recommendations from the International 3D Focus Group. Ultraschall Med (European Journal of Ultrasound). 2012 Apr; 33(2): 175-82 (www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0031-1299378)

Original Articles

Brookes JAS, Deng J, Wilkinson ID, Lees WR. Three-dimensional imaging of the post-mortem fetus by MRI: early experience. Fetal Diagn Ther 1999; 14: 166-71.

Kelly IMG, Gardener JE, Brett AD, Richards R, Lees WR. Three-dimensional US of the fetus. Work in progress. Radiology 1994;192:253-9.

Lees WR. 3-D ultrasound images optimize fetal review. Diagnostic Imaging1992(March): 69-73.

Kelly IMG, Gardener JE, Lees WR. Three-dimensional fetal ultrasound. Lancet 1992;339:1062-4.

Meeting Abstracts

Deng J, on Behalf of 3D Focus Group, Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Prevalence of 3D/4D articles published in Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology and preference for 3D/4D terms used. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2013; 42 (Suppl. 1): 127-8. [Abstracts of the 23rd World Congress on Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sydney, Australia, 6–9 October 2013]

Lees WR, Gardener JE, Gillams A. Three-dimensional ultrasound of the fetus. Radiology 1991;181(P):132.

Graphics Computing    [back to top]

Original Articles

Sauret V, Richards R, Ruff C, Benn P, Linney AD. The reproducibility of optical surface scans and their use in measuring drug effectiveness: technical issues. In proceedings: The 9th Annual National Conference of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine, Bath, UK, 2003.

Linney AD, Sauret V, Richards R. An optical face scanner: Development and clinical use over 25 years. Paris, France. 23-24 April 2003

Sauret V, Richards R, Raven B, Austin T, Ruff C, Linney A. An innovative university-to-hospital technology transfer: clinical implications. In proceedings: The 14th annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Medical Innovation and Technology. Oslo, Norway, 2002

Linney AD, Alusi GH. Clinical Applications of Computer Aided Visualization. Journal of Visualization. 1998; 1: 95-109.

Campos J, Richards R, Linney AD. Non-contact Anthropometry Using Projected Laser Line Distortion: Three Dimensional Graphic Visualisation and Applications Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 1997, 28(2): 137-155.

McCance AM, Moss JP, Fright WR, Linney AD, James DR. Three-dimensional analysis techniques--Part 1-4: Three-dimensional soft-tissue analysis of 24 adult cleft palate patients following Le Fort I maxillary advancement: a preliminary report. Cleft-Palate-Craniofac-J. 1997 Jan; 34(1): 36-62.

Computer Modelling of Facial Form (with AM Coombes). Chapter 15 in Craniofacial Identification in Forensic Medicine. Eds. Clement and Ranson, Edward Arnold, London. ISBN No. 0 340 60789 9. 1998.

Techniques in the Registration of 3-D Head Surfaces (with WR Fright), Chapter 3, pp147-179, In Series In Engineering, Technology and Applied Science: Medical Imaging Technique and Applications (Ed. CT Leondes), Publ. Gordon and Breach, 1997.

3-D Representation and Visualization of the human face and applications to surgery, morphology, anthropometrics and forensic science, pp 213-237 (with PM. Goodwin) Contemporary Perspectives In Three-dimensional Biomedical Imaging. C. Roux and J-L Coatrieux (eds). IOS Press, 1997.

G. Alusi, A.C. Tan, A. D. Linney, K. Raoof, A. Wright Three Dimensional Tracking with Ultrasound for Augmented Reality Applications in Skull Base Surgery. Proceedings of CVRMed-MRCAS'97 (Eds. Jocelyne Troccaz Eric Grimson Ralph Mijsges ) Publ. Springer, Berlin, 1997 (ISSN 0302-9743), pp 511-517. Alusi G, Tan AC, Raoof K and Wright A)

Alusi GH, Tan AC, Campos JC, Linney A, Wright A J. Tele-education: the virtual medical laboratory. Telemed. Telecare,. 1997; 3 Suppl 1: 79-81.

Tan AC, Linney AD. 3D processing and volumetric rendering on the standard desktop PC. In Jones H, et al eds: Conference Proceedings of Eurogaphics UK Chapter. London:Imperial College 1996;(Vol 2):p307-16.

Linney AD, Tan AC, Richards R, Gardener JE, Grindrod S, Moss JP. Three-dimensional visualization of data on human anatomy: diagnosis and surgical planning. J Audiov Media Med 1993;:4-10.

Gardener JE. Three-dimensional imaging of soft tissues using ultrasound. In: 3D imaging for medicine. (IEE Colloq Dig 91/083). London: Institute of Electrical Engineers, 1991; Section 6:1-3.

Tan AC, Richards R, Linney AD. Developing the MGI workstation: a multitransputer based medical graphics system. In: Transputing'91 - Proceedings of the World Transputer User Group Conference; 1991 April 22-26; Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Amsterdam:IOS Press, 1991;II:801-12.

Book Chapters

Linney AD, et al. A comparative study of two arbitrary face-bow transfer systems for orthognathic surgery planning. Int. J. Oral Surg. 1996: 25: 339-343. (co-authors: Bamber MA, Firouzai R, Harris)

Linney AD, et al. Using Curvature Information in Shape Analysis. Proceedings in Image Fusion and Shape Variability Techniques (Eds. KV Mardia, CA Gill and IL Dryden). Leeds University Press. 1996, pp.88-99. (ISBN 0 85316 173 9). (co-authors: Kent JT, Lee D, Mardia KV)

Gardener JE. Future Directions for Invasive Ultrasound. in Lees WR, Lyons E eds: Invasive Ultrasound. London: Martin Dunitz 1996, p133-6.

Invited Reviews

Linney AD, Deng J. Three-dimensional morphometry in ultrasound. Proc Instn Mech Engrs 1999: 213(H): 235-45.

Dynamic Body Parts    [back to top]

Original Articles

Burton P, Deng J, McDonald D, Fewtrell MS. Real-time 3D ultrasound imaging of infant tongue movements during breast-feeding. Early Hum Dev 2013; 89(9): 635-41 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.04.009) [as a corresponding author].

Chatterjee R, Deng J, Pellerin D, Todd-Pokropek A, Neild GH, Lees WR, Rodeck CH. Feasibility of dynamic 3-D color Doppler ultrasound for imaging penile vascular change in renal transplant patients with erectile dysfunction responding to sildenafil. Ultrasound Med Biol 2008; 34(6): 885–891 (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00617.x)(doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.11.013 ).

Deng J, Hall-Craggs MA, Pellerin D, Linney AD, Lees WR, Craggs MD, Rodeck CH, Todd-Pokropek A. Dynamic 3D ultrasound visualisation of erection and artificial coitus. Int J Androl 2006; 29(2): 374-279 (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00617.x).

Deng J, Hall-Craggs MA, Craggs MD, Richards R, Knight SL, Linney AD, Mundy AR. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of the male urethrae with implanted artificial sphincters: initial results. Br J Radiol 2006; 79: 455-463 (DOI: 10.1259/bjr/56511504).

Deng J, Crouch NS, Creighton SM, Linney AD, Todd-Pokropek A, Rodeck CH. Real-Time Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging of the Clitoris. Ultrasound Med Biol 2006;32(10):1479-1484 (doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.06.006).

Deng J, Newton NM, Hall-Craggs MA, Shirley RA, Linney AD, Lees WR, Rodeck CH, McGrouther DA. Novel Technique for Three-Dimensional Visualisation and Quantification of Deformable, Moving Soft-Tissue Body Parts - A Deep Kiss with Dynamic 3D Ultrasound. Lancet 2000; 356: 127-31 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02449-1).

Book Chapters / Lecture Notes

·       Deng J. Minimally compressive imaging of deformable moving body parts using dynamic 3D ultrasonography and colour Doppler - with facial and genital parts as exemplars. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, May 4-6, 2005. P81-93.

·       Deng J. Minimally compressed imaging of deformable body parts using dynamic 3D ultrasonography and colour Doppler - with lips, eyes and penis as exemplars. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, April 22-24, 2004. P111-125.

·       Deng J. Minimally compressed imaging of deformable body parts using dynamic 3D ultrasonography and colour Doppler - with lips, eyes and penis as exemplars. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, April 2-4, 2003. P102-104.

·       Deng J. 3D oral-maxillary imaging. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, May 1 –3, 2002.

Meeting Abstracts

·       Deng J, Crouch NS, Creighton SM, Linney AD, Todd-Pokropek A, Rodeck CH. Real-time 3D ultrasound imaging of the clitoris. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005; 26(4): 355. [Oral presentation at 15th World Congress on Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Vancouver, Canada 25-29 Sept 2005]

·       Deng J, Chatterjee R, Crouch NS, McDonald D, Pellerin D, Linney AD, Todd-Pokropek A, Creighton SM, Lees WR, Rodeck CH. Real-time three-dimensional ultrasound for imaging dynamic morphology of various sexual activities. Abstract Book P280-1. [Oral presentation at 17th World Congress of Sexology. Montreal, Canada, July 12-15, 2005]

·       Chatterjee R, Deng J, Pellerin D, Todd-Pokropek A, Lees WR, Rodeck CH. Real-time 3D ultrasound and colour Doppler study of sildenafil effect on erectile dysfunction in patients with chronic and serious diseases. Cardiovascular Science and Medicine Day at UCL. MAY 5, 2005, P3.

·       Chatterjee R, Deng J, Pellerin D, Todd-Pokropek A, Rodeck CH, Lees WR. A live 3D ultrasound with colour Doppler to study the effect o sildenafil on erectile performance in patients with chronic and serious diseases presenting with erectile dysfunction. J Soc Gynecol Investig 2005; 12(2, Suppl): 200A [P358 at Society for Gynaecologic Investigation. LA, USA, March, 2005

·       Deng J, McDonald D, Linney AD, Lees WR, Todd-Pokropek A, Rodeck CH. Dynamic three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of peri-arousal female external genitalia. J Sex Med 2005; 2(Suppl 1): 12. [Moderated Poster+Video Presentation at 17th Congress of European Society for Sexual Medicine, London, December 5 - 8, 2004]

·       Deng J, Hall-Craggs MA, Linney AD, Lees WR, Pellerin D, Craggs MD, Rodeck CH, Todd-Pokropek A. Dynamic 3D Ultrasonography of Kissing and Coitus. Sexual and Relationship Therapy (J Br Asso Sexual Relatiohship Therapy) 2004; 19(Suppl I): S59. [Oral presentation at 7th Congress of the European Federation of Sexology. Brighton, UK 12-16 May 2004]

·       Chatterjee R, Deng J, Pellerin D, Todd-Pokropek A, Rodeck CH, Lees WR. A live 3D ultrasound system with Colour Doppler to study the effect of sildenafil on erectile performance in patients with erectile dysfunction. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2004; 9(Suppl 1): 41. [Oral presentation at 8th Congress of European Society of Contraception. Edinburgh, UK 23-26 June 2004]

·       Deng J, Hall-Craggs MA, Linney AD, Lees WR, Pellerin D, Craggs MD, Rodeck CH, Todd-Pokropek A. Dynamic 3D Ultrasonography of Kissing and Coitus. Journal of the British Association for Sexual and relationship Therapy 2004; 19(Suppl. 1): S59 [Oral presentation at 7th Congress of the European Federation of Sexology. Brighton, UK 12-16 May 2004]

·       DasGupta R, Deng J, Rockall A, Hall-Craggs M, Fowler CJ. 3D magnetic resonance imaging and measurement of the urethra in women with urinary retention. [Oral presentation at Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine Meeting on Volumetric Analysis of MR Images. London, UK 20 November 2002; P22-23]

·       Deng J, Linney AD, et al. A hearty kiss with dynamic 3D ultrasound. [Oral presentation at the EPSRC-MRC Inter-Research Consortium Meeting. Oxford, UK 1-2 March 2001]

·       Newton NM, Deng J, Butler C, Shirley RA, Hall-Craggs MA, Goodacre T, and McGrouther DA. Volumetric analysis of orbicularis oris using dynamic 3-dimensional ultrasound in cleft lip patients and normal volunteers: implications for understanding morphology and evaluating cleft lip repair procedures. [Oral presentation at 9th International Congress on Cleft Palate. Göteborg, Sweden 25-29 June 2001]

·       Newton NM, Deng J, Shirley RA, McGrouther DA. A deep kiss with dynamic 3D ultrasound: implications for plastic surgery. British Association of Plastic Surgeons' Winter Meeting at the Royal College of Surgeons, London, 30 Nov-1 Dec, 2000.

·       Newton NM, Deng J, Shirley RA, McGrouther DA. The superficial and deep fibres of orbicularis oris as demonstrated by high frequency and dynamic 3D ultrasound imaging. The 5th International Muscle Symposium, Vienna, 19-22 May, 2000.

Titanium & Cranioplasty [back to top]

Original Articles

·         Sauret V, Linney AD, Richards R. Computer assisted surgery: the use of digital images in enabling computerized design and manufacture of titanium implants. Imaging 2002;14(6) 464-471 [http://imaging.birjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/14/6/464?etoc]

·         Sauret V, Richards R, Raven B, Austin T. Orbital floor repairs – an extension of our existing cranioplasty service. In proceedings: The 8th Annual National Conference of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine, Durham, UK, 2002.

·         Sauret V, Richards R, Raven B, Austin T, Ruff C, Linney A. An innovative university-to-hospital technology transfer: clinical implications. In proceedings: The 14th annual Scientific Meeting of the Society for Medical Innovation and Technology. Oslo, Norway, 2002.

·         .Joffe JM, Nicoll SR, Richards R, Linney AD, Harris M. Validation of computer-assisted manufacture of titanium plates for cranioplasty. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 28: 309-13.

Tumour Vascularity & Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound    [back to top]

Original Articles

·         Leung TS, Honeysett JE, Stride E, Deng J. Light propagation in a turbid medium with insonified microbubbles. J Biomed Opt 2013; 18(1): 15002. (doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.18.1.015002).

·         Honeysett JE, Stride E, Deng J, Leung TS. An algorithm for sensing venous oxygenation using ultrasound-modulated light enhanced by microbubbles. Proc SPIE 2012 Feb; 8223: 82232Z (http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.907952).

Meeting Abstracts

·         Gillams AR, Majdar J, Deng J, Douek M, Holz K, Lees WR. Does contrast-enhanced Doppler aid in the differentiation of scar and recurrence in breast cancer: a multicentre study. Radiology 1998; 209(P): 150. [The 84th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of Radiological Society of North America, Chicago, USA. Nov. 29 -Dec. 4, 1998].

·         Rickards D, Gillams AR, Deng J, Lees WR. Do intravascular ultrasound Doppler contrast agents improve transrectal ultrasound diagnosis of prostate cancer? Radiology 1998; 209(P): 182. [The 84th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of Radiological Society of North America, Chicago, USA. Nov. 29 -Dec. 4, 1998].

·         Douek M, Winehouse J, Deng J, Holz K, Lakhani SR, Lees W, Davidson T, Taylor I, Baum M et al. Detection of breast cancer recurrence by contrast-enhanced Doppler ultrasound: implications for breast biopsy. European Journal of Surgical Oncology 1998; 24: 628.

·         Deng J, Hare CM, Gillams AR, Bauer A, Lees WR. A comparison of contrast enhanced hepatic lesion vascularity in 3D between CT and US. Radiology 1997; 205(P): 336. [The 83rd Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of Radiological Society of North America, Chicago, USA. Nov. 30 -Dec. 5, 1997].

International Lectures

·         Deng J. 3D/4D definitions and terms; physics; artefacts. The ISUOG Intensive Course - 3D in Obstetrics: Tips and Tricks. London, UK 5 November 2016.

·         Deng J. How to optimise 4D settings for fetal echo: from theoretical to technical considerations. 3D Workshop at the 26th World Congress on Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rome, Italy 25-28 September 2016.

·         Deng J. 3D and 4D fetal echocardiography. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, May 4-6, 2005. P50-62.

·         Deng J. Minimally compressive imaging of deformable moving body parts using dynamic 3D ultrasonography and colour Doppler - with facial and genital parts as exemplars. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, May 4-6, 2005. P81-93.

·         Deng J. 4D fetal echocardiography. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, April 22-24, 2004. P145-159.

·         Deng J. Minimally compressed imaging of deformable body parts using dynamic 3D ultrasonography and colour Doppler - with lips, eyes and penis as exemplars. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, April 22-24, 2004. P111-125.

·         Deng J. 4D fetal echocardiography. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, April 2-4, 2003. P142-153.

·         Deng J. Minimally compressed imaging of deformable body parts using dynamic 3D ultrasonography and colour Doppler - with lips, eyes and penis as exemplars.. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, April 2-4, 2003. P102-104.

·         Deng J. 4D fetal echocardiography. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, May 1-3, 2002.

·         Deng J. 3D oral-maxillary imaging. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, May 1 –3, 2002.

·         Deng J. 4D fetal echocardiography. Euroson School on Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging. London: Hammersmith Hospital, UK, May 17 – 19, 2001.

·         Deng J. Four-dimensional echocardiography. Cardiology in the Young’2001. London: Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UK, Apr. 17-20, 2001.

·         Deng J. Is 3D imaging of the fetal heart useful now? New Horizons in Fetal Cardiology’2000. London: Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UK, Sept. 7-8, 2000.

·         Deng J. Three-dimensional ultrasound and prenatal diagnosis. Course on ultrasound and Doppler in obstetrics and gynecology. Naples, Italy, Apr. 17-18, 1998.

·         Deng J. Evaluation of the fetal heart and vessels by 3D ultrasound. Fetal Cardiovascular System: 1st International Porto Meeting. Porto, Portugal Oct. 9-10, 1998.