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Real-Time Three-Dimensional Fetal Echocardiography
based on 2D-array transducer technology
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Read Display Info if you have difficulty browsing these graphics-orientated pages. To view a movie, click on an image with a [GIF] or [AVI] link)
Live 3D ultrasound of a normal fetal heart at 23 weeks
Real-time 3D ultrasound images of a normal fetal heart at 23 weeks [above, AVI 699KB], and a fetal heart with tetralogy of Fallot at 21 weeks [below two, AVI 996KB] all acquired using Philips Live 3D Ultrasound. The entire fetal chest volume (immediately below) was reconstructed from 4 sub-volumes obtained with spectral Doppler gating we have developed. TomTec's 4D Echo Scan was used for some 4D reconstruction.
Live 3D ultrasound of a fetal heart with tetralogy of Fallot at 21 weeks
Live 3D ultrasound of a fetal heart with tetralogy of Fallot at 21 weeks
Below are some earlier real-time 3D images of the fetal heart acquired using a prototype Volumetric Imaging system.
2D movie, GIF266KB
Click on the image above for a dynamic 2D display [GIF 266KB], reformatted from a 4D dataset of a 22-week fetal heart, acquired using a Real-Time Volumetric Ultrasound System. Click here for a 4D surface display [AVI 479KB] of the same heart, ‘cut’ open at the four-chamber-view level, showing major structures. The normal fine structures, such as foramen valve, interatrial and interventricular septa, and the tricuspid and mitral valves, are seen over-thickened, both because the spatial resolution is insufficient and because the structures are perpendicular to the sound direction. A negative 4D surface display [GIF 252KB] (i.e., cardiovascular cavities shown as solid), disclosing the spatial relationships between the major structures of a 26-week fetal heart. Due to insufficient image resolution, fine structures cannot be rendered. Click here for  a dynamic 2D image [AVI 240KB] and here for a (possitive) 4D surface display [AVI 454KB] from the same dataset. AAO: ascending aorta; AD: arterial duct; Arch: aortic arch; DAO: descending aorta; ICV: inferior caval vein; PT: pulmonary trunk; PV: pulmonary vein; RA & LA: right & left atria; RV & LV: right & left ventricles; RVi & RVo: right ventricular inlet & outlet; VD: venous duct.