• Radiological Science
• Nuclear Medicine instrumentation
• Single Photon Emission tomography
• Tomographic reconstruction methods
• Image processing with medical applications
• Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
• Nonlinear nonstationary inverse problems.
• Quantitative medical imaging (making measurements)
• Knowledge based image processing (going from data to information)

Andrew Todd-Pokropek is currently Professor of Medical Physics, a joint post created at University College London (Dept. of Medical Physics) and the Institute of Child Health (Physics and Radiology), and Director of the Research Unit U494 of the French Medical Research Organisation INSERM. As an undergraduate he read Physics at the University of Oxford. His first post was (as Assistant Lecturer 1964-1972) at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine, The Middlesex Hospital Medical School where he undertook his postgraduate studies. He assisting in the then rapid development of nuclear medicine instrumentation, was involved in the development of one of the first computer systems for use in medical imaging, and participated in the design of the first SPECT system in Europe. In 1972 he spent a sabbatical year at the Institut Gustave Roussy in France (and has maintained his 'French connection' up to the present date). He returned to London to take up a post as Senior Lecturer at the then University College Hospital Medical School, which eventually become part of University College London. He was appointed Reader in 1989 and Professor in 1993. Although he started his professional life in the area of nuclear medicine (in the basement running a whole body counter) he has become increasingly involved with medical image processing and data handling, firstly in nuclear medicine (for example in scatter and attenuation correction) and latterly in radiology in general. His areas of research extend from finding solutions for inverse problems to defining standards for medical image transfer (in particular for nuclear medicine) to developing expert systems for use in medicine. He has widely published and been invited to lecture by many different national and international organizations.

The Quantitative Medical Imaging group (previously known as the Medical Image Processing group), is a joint group established at University College London and also at the La Pitie Hospital in Paris where it is funded as INSERM unit U494, both parts under the direction of Professor Andrew Todd-Pokropek. The main research aims of this group, which now totals over 40 part and full time staff members, is the extraction of numerical data and information from the analysis of medical images of all types but in particular CT, MR, Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound. The group has been awarded a number of grants from EPSCR, the Department of Health, HEFCE (Computer Board), the European Union (Telematics), the European Standardisation Body (CEN), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Special Trustees of University and the Middlesex Hospitals, INSERM, and in addition from various companies. These research projects have resulted in patents and software which is used for a number of clinical applications, for example the Portable Image Processing package, developed with the aid of the IAEA is now used by almost 200 hospitals in over 40 countries. The use of Factor Analysis in medical imaging (jointly developed at UCL and in Paris) has been incorporated into 3 commercial products and has recently been extended for use in MRI and functional MRI. The application of wavelets to data compression is another joint research program and was funded by Alliance (British Council and France). Image registration and fusion including 3D display has been another important area of research. The long history of research into the application of digital methods in medical imaging has resulted in a number of honours being awarded to Professor Todd-Pokropek including the American Society of Nuclear Medicine Annual Lecturership, the Sylvanus Thompson medal and the Normal Veale medal.

2001

1. Aubry F, Todd-Pokropek A. DICOM can be extended by defining an ontology incorporating behaviour such as involved in medical image processing. Radiology 2001:165.

2. Aubry F, Todd-Pokropek A. Mimos : a description framework for exchanging medical image processing results. Medinfo 2001;10(pt2):891-895.

3. Chanachai R, Todd-Pokropek A. Image networks for use in nuclear medicine in developing (and other) countries : the need for flexible file format conversion. Radiology 2001:672.

4. Delzescaux T, Frouin F, De Cesare A, Philipp-Foliguet S, Zeboudj R, Janier M, et al. Adaptive and self-evaluating registration method for myocardial perfusion assessment. MAGMA 2001;13:28-39.

5. Frouin F, Herment A, Frouin V, Merlet P, Todd-Pokropek A. Automated segmentation of heart cavities and myocardium based on classification of factor volume to process myocardial perfusion studies. J Nucl Med 2001:187P.

6. Frouin F, Boubacar P, Frouin V, De Cesare A, Todd-Pokropek A, Merlet P, et al. 3D regularisation and segmentation of factor volumes to process PET H215O myocardial perfusion studies. In: First International Workshop on Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart (FIMH'2001); 2001; Helsinki; .

7. Frouin F, Merlet P, Bouchareb Y, Frouin V, Dubois-Randé JL, De Cesare A, et al. Validation of myocardial perfusion reserve measurements using regularised factor images of H215O dynamic PET scans. J Nucl Med 2001;42:1737-1746.

8. Giron A, Deschavanne P, Todd-Pokropek A, Fertil B. A pixel-oriented visualization technique for exploration of data-flow : application to the analysis of binary files and genomic sequences. SPIE Electronic Imaging 2001.

9. Giron A, Deschavanne P, Todd-Pokropek A, Fertil B. A pixel oriented visualisation technique for exploration of data-flow : application to the analysis of binary files and genomic sequence. In: SPIE Electronic Imaging; 2001; San José; 2001.

10. Kahn E, Lizard G, Frouin F, Souchier C, Bernengo JC, Siitari H, et al. Confocal image characterization of human papillomavirus DNA sequences revealed with Europium in HeLa cell nuclei stained with Hoechst 33342. Analyt Quant Cytol Histol 2001;23(2):101-108.

11. Kahn E, Lizard G, Frouin F, Souchier C, Bernengo JC, Bessède G, et al. Confocal analysis of phosphatidylserine externalization with the use of biotinylated annexin V revealed wit streptavidin-FITC, -europium, -phycoerythrin or Texas red in oxysterol-treated apoptopic cells. Analyt Quant Cytol Histol
12. 2001;23(1):47-55.

13. Kahn E, Coullin P, Frouin F, Todd-Pokropek A, Bernheim A. Improved confocal characterization of targets in nuclei. Anal Cell Pathol 2001:42.

14. Kahn E, Teissier C, Bernengo JC, Clément O, Lizard G, Petiet A, et al. Detection of MRI contrast agents and substitute compounds in rats. Q.J. Nucl Med 2001:S22.

15. Kahn E, Lizard G, Frouin F, Gueldry S, Bessede G, Gambert P, et al. Morphological and biochemical changes at the mitochondrial level during 7-ketocholesterol-induced apoptosis. Morphologie 2001:28.

16. Kahn E, Lizard G, Frouin F, Gueldry S, Gambert P, Todd-Pokropek A. Changes at the mitochondrial level during oxysterol-induced apoptosis. In: XXI International Congress of the International Society for Analytical Cytology (ISAC); 2002; San Diego; 2002.

17. Mather SJ, de Bruyn R, Todd-Pokropek A, Lask B. Ultrasound bone analysis in 53 children and adolescents with eating disorders and 100 healthy children and adolescents. 2001.

18. Riddell C, N'Guyen T, Benali H, Todd-Pokropek A, Buvat I. Region-dependent Gaussian regularization of least square SPECT reconstruction with on-uniform attenuation correction. J Nucl Med 2001:58P.

19. Taylor P, Alberdi A, Lee R, Fox J, Sordo M, Todd-Pokropek A. Incorporating image processing in a clinical decision support system. In: Insana M, Leahy R, editors. Information Processing in Medical Imaging; 2001; Davis, CA, USA: Springer; 2001. p. 134-140.

20. Todd-Pokropek A. Advances in instrumentation in nuclear medicine and radiology. In: Maintas D, Todd-Pokropek A, editors. Imaging Technology in Biomedical Science; 2001; Milos, Greece: ITBS; 2001.

21. Todd-Pokropek A. Image transmission and archiving: medical standards and general standards. In: Maintas D, Todd-Pokropek A, editors. Image technologies in Biomedical Science; 2001; Milos Greece.

22. Todd-Pokropek A. Testing non-rigid registration procedures for nuclear medicine image fusion: estimating deformation. In: EANM; 2001; Naples: Springer; 2001. p. 1058.

23. Todd-Pokropek A, Marsden P. Dose and Image Quality using CR plates. In: European Conference of Radiology; 2001; Vienna; 2001.

24. Todd-Pokropek A. Image reconstruction techniques with special emphasis on FBP and OSEM. In: G.S. Pant, editor. Statistical and Mathematical techniques and radiation safety in nuclear medicine; 2001; New Delhi; 2001.

25. Todd-Pokropek A. Quantitation in SPECT and PET. In: Statistical and Mathematical techniques and radiation safety in nuclear medicine; 2001; New Dehli; 2001.

26. Todd-Pokropek. A. Dose reduction as an aim of image processing : image quality requirements are highly task dependent. Radiology 1999:450

2002

1. Busemann Sokole, E., L. S. Graham, A. Todd-Pokropek, A. Wegst and C. C. Robilotta (2002). An atlas of artefacts : a teaching tool for scintillation camera quality control. 8th World Federation of Nuclear Medicine and Biology, Santiago, Chili.

2. Chabriais, J., B. Gibaud and A. Todd-Pokropek (2002). Autres standards : HL7, CEN/TC251 et ISO/TC215. J. Radiol. 83(10): 1624.

3. Herment, A., E. Roullot, I. Bloch, C. Pellot-Barakat, A. Todd-Pokropek and E. Mousseaux (2002). Improvement of the SNR - resolution compromise in MRA using spatial segmented k-space acquisitions. IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging : Macro to Nano, Washington DC.

4. Kahn, E., C. Teissier, G. Lizard, A. Petiet, F. Brau, O. Clément, F. Frouin , J. R. Jourdain , F. Guiraud-Vitaux, N. Colas Linhart, N. Siauve, C. Cuénod, G. Frija and A. Todd-Pokropek (2002). "Distribution of injected MRI contrast agents in mouse livers studied by confocal and SIMS micorscopies." Anal Quant Cytol Histol 24(5): 295-302.

5. Kahn, E., C. Teissier, G. Lizard, A. Petiet, J. C. Bernengo, F. Frouin, O. Clément, D. Coulaud, E. Delain and A. Todd-Pokropek (2002). Analysis of fluorescent MRI contrast agents in the liver of small animals. 8ème Congrès de l'Association Française de Cytométrie, Bordeaux.

6. Kahn, E., C. Teissier, G. Lizard, A. Petiet, J. C. Bernengo, O. Clement, F. Frouin , C. Fourre, J. R. Jourdain , F. Guiraud-Vitaux, N. Colas Linhart, N. Siauve, C. Cuénod, G. Frija and A. Todd-Pokropek (2002). Analysis of the distribution of injected MRI contrast agents in the liver of mice by confocal and SIMS microscopies. Microscience 2002 International Conference and Exhibition, Londres.

7. Kahn, E., G. Lizard, F. Frouin, S. Gueldry, P. Gambert and A. Todd-Pokropek (2002). Changes at the mitochondrial level during oxysterol-induced apoptosis. Cytometry. S11: 78-79.

8. Kahn, E., G. Lizard, F. Frouin , S. Gueldry, G. Bessede, P. Gambert and A. Todd-Pokropek (2002). Mitochondrial changes during oxysterol-induced apoptosis. Microscience 2002 International Conference and exhibition, Londres.

9. Kahn, E., P. Coullin, F. Frouin , A. Todd-Pokropek and A. Bernheim (2002). "Improved confocal characterization of targets in nuclei of cytogenetic preparations." Anal Quant Cytol Histol 24(3): 178-184.

10. Kahn, E., G. Lizard, S. Monier, G. Bessede, F. Frouin , P. Gambert and A. Todd-Pokropek (2002). "Evaluation by flow cytometry and by factor analysis of confocal image sequences of morphological and functional changes occurring at the mitochondrial level during 7-ketocholesterol-induced cell death." Anal Quant Cytol Histol 24(6): 355-362.

11. Parveen, R. and A. Todd-Pokropek (2002). Sementation of MR brain images using region growing combined with an active contour model. CARS 2002, Paris, Springer.

12. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2002). Testing of non rigid registration procedures for nuclear medicine image fusion : estimating deformation. 8th World federation of Nuclear medicine and biology, Santiago , Chili.

13. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2002). Telemedicine and PACS : some problems and results using nuclear medicine data. 20th International Conference EUROPACS, Oulu (Finlande).

14. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2002). A method for the assessment of attenuation correction in nuclear medicine tomography. Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 2002, Chicago.

15. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2002). The evaluation of non-rigid registration methods using a vector field representation. Radiological Society of North America RSNA 2002, Chicago.

2003

1. Dindoyala I, Lambrou T, Deng J, Ruff C.F, Linney A and Todd-Pokropek A. (2003). An active contour model to segment foetal cardiac data. Medical Image Understanding and Analysis, Univ. of Sheffield.

2. Lambrou T, Linney A, Speller R and Todd-Pokropek A. (2002). Statistical Classification of Digital Mammograms Using Features from the Spatial and Wavelet Domains. Medical Image Understanding and Analysis, Portsmouth, Univ. of Portsmouth.

3. Lambrou T, Linney A, Speller R and Todd-Pokropek A. (2002). Statistical Classification of Digital Mammograms Using Features from the Spatial and Wavelet Domains. 2nd European Conference on Medical and Biomedical Engineering EMBC, Vienna, Austria, Univ. of Portsmouth.

4. McDonald D, Sauret V, Richards R, Linney A, Adiseshiah M and T.-P. A (2003). Semi-Automated Segmentation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA). World Conference on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, IFMBE.

5. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2002). "Mini-Symposium: Image Processing." Imaging 14(6): iv.

6. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2002). "Advanced Image Processing in Radiology." Imaging 14(6): 478-484.

7. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2002). "Image processing, PACS and telemedicine: how to link a nuclear medicine network." Imaging 14(6): 450-454.

8. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2003). Take a bandwagon, genome and some small animals. Times Higher Educational Supplement: 22.

9. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2003). Handling sequences of temporal; data derived from medical images. World Conference on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, IFMBE.

10. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2003). The deformation field from non-rigid registration: a tool for the analysis of change. World Conference on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, IFMBE.

11. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2003). Image and Signal Processing in Medicine: Detection, Measurement and Description. Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, Rome, IEEE.

12. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2003). Physics Overview. Imaging Technologies in Biomedical Science, Milos Greece.

13. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2003). The Analysis of temporal series, Data reduction and Image Fusion. Summer School on Image Processing, Timisuara Romania, Univ. of Timisuara.

2004

1. Dindoyal, I., T. Lambrou, et al. (2003). An active contour model to segment foetal cardiac data. Medical Image Understanding and Analysis, Shefield.

2. Evans, A., T. Labrou, et al. (2004). Automatic segmentation of the liver using a topology adaptive snake. BIOMED 2004, Innbruck Austria.

3. Evans, A., T. Lambrou, et al. (2004). Automatic segmentation of liver fropm computerised tomography (CT) images. Medical Image Understanding andd Analysis, Imperial College London UK.

4. Kahn, E., A. Receveur, et al. (2004). "Multiple excitation confocal analysis of targets in nuclei of cytogenetic preparations." Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 26(1): 1-6.

5. Kahn, E., A. Vejux, et al. (2004). "FRET multiphoton spectral imaging microscopy of 7-ketocholesterol and nile red in U937 monocytic cells loaded with 7-ketocholesterol." Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 26(6): 304-313.

6. Kahn, E., A. Vejux, et al. (2004). "Analysis of rge fluorescence of monodansylcadaverine-positive cytoplasmic structures during 7-ketocholeterol-induced cell death." Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 26(1): 47-56.

7. Kahn, E., G. Lizard, et al. (2004). "Analysis of fluoresecent MRI contrast agent behavior in the liver and thoracic aorta of mice." 26(4): 233-238.

8. Kahn, E., G. Lizard, et al. (2004). Confocal analysis of fluorescent MRI contrast agent behavior. Focus on Microscopy, Philadelphia USA.

9. Kahn, E., G. Lizard, et al. (2004). Analysis of fluorescent MRFI contrast agent behavior in the liver and blood vessels of mice. Cytometry, XXII International Congress of the International Society for Analytic Cytology (ISAC), Montpelier., France.

10. Offia, A. and A. Todd-Pokropek (2004). Digital Imaging in Non-Accidental Injury: A ROC Study. RSNA, Chicago.

11. Parveen, R., C. Ruff, et al. (2004). Three-dimesnional voxel segmentation of MR brain images with deformable model, relative fuzzy classification and spatial affinity. Medical Image Undersatning and Analysis, Imperial College London UK.

12. Parveen, R., C. Ruff, et al. (2004). Voxel Segmentation of 3D-MR Brain images: Deformable model, Relative fuzzy classification and Spatial Affinity. 3rd Southeast Asian Congress of Medical Physics, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.

13. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2004). PACS from research to routine. British Computer Society, London, BCS.

14. Todd-Pokropek, A. and R. Leinster (2004). A Grid-enabled Large Image Database for Validation of Image Porcessing Procedures. Radiology.

15. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2004). Methods for segmentation of medical images and considerations for accuracy of radiotherapy treatment planning. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), Medical Imaging, and Optimization Theory, Haifa, CRI.

16. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2004). PET, CT and MR imaging of tumour and image registration. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy |(IMRT), Imaging, and Optimization Theory, Haifa, Israel, CRU.

17. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2004). A review of medical image processing and the requirements for a GRID enabled platform for prototyping and validation. Computation problems in Medical Imaging, Genova.

18. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2004). Limitations, traps and progress in Quantification. 9th Greek Conference of Nuclear Medicine, Thessalonika, Greece, CD.

19. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2004). Image fusion, CT, PET, SPECT and MRI. 9th Greek Conference of Nuclear Medicine, Thessalonika, Greece, CD.

20. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2004). Medical image registraqtion; strategies for validation. ECR 2004, Vienna Austria, ECR.

21. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2004). Advances in instrumentation in nuclear medicine. Radioactive isotopes in clinical medicine and research., Bad Gastein Austria.

22. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2004). Validation of image registration procedures. Hamburg, Philips Research Labs.

23. Todd-Pokropek, A. (2004). Colourful inside story. THES.

24. Vejux, A., E. Kahn, et al. (2004). "7-keyocholosterol favors lipid accumulation and co-localizes with Nile red positive cytoplasmic structures formed during 7-ketocholesterol-induced apoptosis: analysis by flow cytometry, FRET bi-photo spectral imaging microscopy and subcellular fractionation." Cytometry.

2005/6

1 M. Ahmed and A. Todd-Pokropek, in Partial Volume Correction using Penalized-Likelihood Image Reconstruction Methods with Median Priors, Stockholm, Sweden, 2006.

2 M. Ahmed and A. Todd-Pokropek, in Local Impulse Response Investigations of Median and Quadratic Priors in Penalized-Likelihood Image Reconstruction Methods, Ann Arbor, USA, 2006.

3 J. Deng, M. Hall-Craggs, D. Pellerin, A. Linney, W. Lees, C. Rodeck, and A. Todd-Pokropek, Int. J. Androl. 29(2), 374-379 (2006).

4 I. Dindoyal, T. Lambrou, J. Deng, C. Ruff, A. Linney, C. Rodeck, and A. Todd-Pokropek, in Level set segmentation of the foetal heart., Barcelona, 2005 (Springer).

5 I. Dindoyal, T. Lambrou, J. Deng, and A. Todd-Pokropek, in Fully automated level set shape prior applied to the foetl heart- prliminary results, Manchester UK, 2006.

6 A. Evans, T. Lambrou, A. Linney, and A. todd-Pokropek, in Automatic 3D segmentation of liver tissue from CT datasets, Bristol, 2005.

7 A. Evans, T. Lambrou, and A. Todd-Pokropek, Medical Imaging and Graphics (2006).

8 A. Evans, T. Lambrou, A. Linney, and A. Todd-Pokropek, in Automatic £D segmentation of the liver from computed tomography images, a discrete deformable model approach, Singapore, 2006.

9 E. Kahn, A. Vejux, F. Menetrier, C. Maiza, A. Hammam, G. Sequeira, F. Frouin, Y. Tourneur, F. Brau, J. Riedinger, E. Steinmetz, A. Todd-Pokropek, and G. Lizard, Anal. Quant. Cytol, Histol, 28(1), 14-26 (2006).

10 T. Lambrou, A. Linney, and A. todd-Pokropek, in Wavelet-based analysis and classification of liver CT, Prague, 2005.

11 T. Lambrou, A. Linney, and A. Todd-Pokropek, in Wavelet transform analysis and classification of the liver from computed tomography datasets, Ionnina Greece, 2006.

12 A. Offiah, J. Grehan, C. Hall, and A. Todd-Pokropek, Clin. Radiol. 60(11), 1195-1204 (2005).

13 A. Offiah, L. Moon, C. all, and A. Todd-Pokropek, Clin. Radiol. 61(2), 163-173 (2006).

14 R. Parveen and A. Todd-Pokropek, in Classification of MR brain tissue using fuzzy estimation, San Diego USA, 2006.

15 Z. Su, T. Lambrou, A. Linney, and A. Todd-Pokropek, in A minimum entropy approach for automatic statistical model building, Ioannina Greece, 2006 (IEEE).

16 Z. Su, T. Lambrou, and A. Todd-Pokropek, in Independent component analysis based active shape model with spatial relations for finding correspondence, Manchester UK, 2006.
17 A. Todd-Pokropek and R. Leinster, in Validation and evaluation of medical image processing: requirements for a Grid enabled platform, Berlin, 2005 (Elsivier), p. 459-464.

18 A. Todd-Pokropek, in Image registration: validation, Vienna, 2005 (EAR).

19 A. Todd-Pokropek, in Partical volume: effect and methods for correction, Bad Gatein, 2006.

20 A. Todd-Pokropek, in Times Higher Education Supplement (2006), p. 30.

21 A. Todd-Pokropek and M. Ahmed, in Partial volume correction using median prior in penalized-likelihood reconstruction methods, San Diego USA, 2006 (IEEE).

22 A. Todd-Pokropek, in Image reconstruction and fusion: possibilites and pitfalls, Athens Greece, 2006.

23 A. Todd-Pokropek, in Image regoistration C. Strategies for validation, Vienna Austria, 2006 (Eur. J. Radiology).

24 A. Todd-Pokropek, in Some Issues in Medical Imaging: State of the Art and
Future Prospects, Seoul, Korea, 2006.

25 A. Todd-Pokropek, in European School of Medical Physics Proceedings, edited by Y. Lemoigne (NATO, 2006).

26 A. Todd-Pokropek, in Hisotry of Computing in UK, edited by B. Barber (British Computer Society, 2006).

27 A. Todd-Pokropek, in Resolution and Partial Volume Corrections in SPECT/CT; Towards Improved Quantification, Bad Gastein Austria, 2006.

28 A. Todd-Pokropek, in Image perception, interactive session, Manchester, 2006.

29 A. Vejux, E. Kahn, D. Dumas, F. Menetrier, A. Athias, J. Riedinger, F. Frouin, S. JF., O.-D. E., A. Todd-Pokropek, and G. Lizard, Cytometry A. 64(20, 87-100 (2005).